PRODUCT LIFE-CYCLE A market-based approach is used in modelling the electricity mix utilized in the factory. SYSTEM BOUNDARY The product is made of a mixture of minerals like clay, feldspar, kaolin and This EPD covers the life-cycle modules listed in the following table. quartz. The materials are transported to the manufacturers production Product stage Assembly Use stage End of life stage Beyond the facility. The manufacturing includes material preparation, casting, drying, stage system enamelling, firing, inspection and control.The manufacturing process boundaries requires electricity and fuels for the different equipment as well as heating. In addition, waste heat is recycled from various parts of the furnaces to A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D ensure that the heat inside the furnace remains efficient. The product is finally packaged and sent to the warehouse. Certain ancillary materials like water and moulds are also included. Production waste before firing is recycled internally. The product does not contain VOC as is fired at temperatures above 1000ºC. Production waste as wastewater, moulds, sludge and fired ceramics waste are included. Transport from suppliers is calculated according to the corresponding sales volumes. Packaging materials are modelled in. The use of green energy manufacturing is demonstrated through contractual instruments (GOs, RECs, etc.), and its use is ensured throughout the validity Modules not declared = ND. period of this EPD in Spanish and Portuguese facilities. MANUFACTURING AND PACKAGING (A1-A3) TRANSPORT AND INSTALLATION (A4-A5) The environmental impacts considered for the product stage cover theModule not declared. manufacturing of raw materials used in the production as well as packaging materials and other ancillary materials. Also, fuels used by machines, andPRODUCT USE AND MAINTENANCE (B1-B7) handling of waste formed in the production processes at the manufacturingModule not declared. facilities are included in this stage. The study also considers the material losses occurring during the manufacturing processes as well as losses during electricity transmission. 6 Ceramic sanitaryware x Raw materials xTransport xManufacturing ND Transport NDAssembly NDUse NDMaintenanceNDRepairNDReplacement NDRefurbishmentNDOperational energy use NDOperationalwater use xDeconstruction/ demolitionxTransportxWaste processing xDisposal Reuse xRecovery Recycling